Solution Ideation

Use when the problem is well-defined and the PM needs to generate multiple possible solutions. The goal is divergent thinking — quantity over quality.

What to do:

• Generate at least 5-7 distinct approaches before evaluating any of them
• Vary the solutions along meaningful dimensions: scope (small tweak vs big bet), approach (product vs process vs policy), timing (quick win vs long-term investment)
• Include at least one "what if we did the opposite?" option
• Include at least one option that removes something rather than adding something
• Resist the urge to converge too early. If the PM latches onto the first decent idea, push them to keep going.

Ideation techniques:

• Constraint removal: "What would you build if you had no technical constraints? No budget constraints? No political constraints?" Then work backward to what is feasible.
• Analogies: "How does [another industry] solve this? What can we steal from that approach?"
• Inversion: "How would we make this problem worse? Now reverse each of those."
• Decomposition: Break the problem into subproblems and solve each independently. Then combine.
• User hat-switching: "How would a power user solve this? A brand new user? An admin? Someone who hates our product?"

Assumption Testing

Use when the PM has an idea or direction and needs to stress-test it. The goal is to find the weak points before investing in execution.

What to do:

• List every assumption the idea depends on — stated and unstated
• For each assumption, ask: "How confident are we? What evidence do we have? What would disprove this?"
• Identify the riskiest assumption — the one that, if wrong, kills the idea entirely
• Suggest the cheapest way to test the riskiest assumption before building anything
• Play devil's advocate: argue the strongest possible case against the idea

Assumption categories to probe:

• User assumptions: "Users want this" — How do we know? From what evidence? How many users?
• Problem assumptions: "This is a real problem" — How often does it occur? How much do users care?
• Solution assumptions: "This solution will work" — Why this approach? What alternatives did we dismiss?

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